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Wolfe v. North Carolina
''Wolfe v. North Carolina'' 364 U.S. 177 (1960), is a 1960 United States Supreme Court case in which the court, in a 5-4 decision, upheld the trespassing conviction of six African-American men who were barred from a golf course because of their race.
== Background ==
In December 1955, six African-American men (Leon Wolfe, George Simkins, Jr., Philip Cook, Sam Murray, Elijah Herring, and Joseph Sturdivant) went to the Gillespie Golf Course in Greensboro, North Carolina, which had been built with public funds. The six paid greens fees and began to play despite being told they would not be allowed to. That night, the six were charged with trespassing, and convicted on that charge in February 1956, a conviction which was set aside by the North Carolina Supreme Court in June of the following year. A retrial convicted the six again in 1958.
In the meantime, Simkins, who had been one of the six, filed suit in Federal District Court (''Simkins v. City of Greensboro'') and obtained an injunction in March 1957 against the golf course preventing them from operating the course on a discriminatory basis. That injunction was upheld on appeal to the Fourth Circuit.
The second conviction was appealed to the North Carolina Supreme Court, who upheld it, and was then appealed (the present case) to the United States Supreme Court.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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